KANNADA LANGUAGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION

Purava Robust Gannada: This Kannada expression in a real sense deciphered signifies "Past type of Old Kannada" was the language of Banavasi in the early BC, the Satavahana, Chutu Satakarni (Naga) and Kadamba periods and consequently has a background marked by more than 2500 years.

In around 3rd first century BCE Tamil engravings, expressions of Kannada impact, for example, nalliyooraa, kavuDi and posil were originated. The utilization of the vowel an as a descriptive word isn't pervasive in Tamil however its use is accessible in Kannada. Kannada tems, for example, gouDi-gavuDi changed to Tamil's kavuDi for absence of use of Ghosha svana in Tamil. Henceforth the Kannada term 'gavuDi' come to be 'kavuDi' in Tamil. 'Posil' ('hosilu') was brought into Tamil from Kannada and informal Tamil uses this term as 'Vaayil'. S. Settar considered the sittanvAsal engraving of 1st century CE as additionally the engravings at tirupparamkunram, adakala and neDanUpatti. The later engravings were concentrated in detail by Iravatham Mahadevan moreover. Mahadevan contends that terms erumi, kavuDi, poshil and tAyiyar have their cause in Kannada since Tamil allies aren’t accessible. Settar includes the terms nADu and iLayar to this rundown. Mahadevan feels that some linguistic classifications found in these engravings are additionally interesting to Kannada as opposed to Tamil. Both these researchers property these impacts to the developments and spread of Jainas in these areas. These engravings have a place with the time frame between the principal century BCE and fourth century CE. These are a few models that are verification of the early utilization of a couple of Kannada starting point words in early Tamil engravings before the BC and in the early hundreds of years of the regular era.

 Pliny the Senior, a Roman antiquarian, expounded on privateers among Muziris and Nitrias (Netravati Stream), called Nitran by Ptolemy. He additionally makes reference to Barace (Barcelore), alluding to the cutting edge port city of Mangaluru, upon its mouth. A considerable lot of these are Kannada source names of spots and waterways of the Karnataka shore of first century CE.

The Greek geographer Ptolemy (150 CE) specifies places, for example, Badiamaioi (Badami), Inde (Indi), Kalligeris (Kalkeri), Modogoulla (Mudagal), Petrigala (Pattadakal), Hippokoura (Huvina Hipparagi), Nagarouris (Nagur), Tabaso (Tavasi), Tiripangalida (Gadahinglai), Soubouttou or Sabatha (Savadi), Banaouase (Banavasi), Thogorum (Tagara), Biathana (Paithan), Sirimalaga (Malkhed), Aloe (Ellapur) and Pasage (Palasige) demonstrating prosperous exchange between Egypt, Europe and Karnataka. He additionally makes reference to Pounnata (Punnata) and alludes to beryls, i.e., the Vaidhurya pearls of that country. He specifies Malippala (Malpe), a seaside town of Karnataka. Ptolemy composes that "amidst the bogus mouth and the Barios, there is a town known as Maganur" (Mangalore). He makes reference to inland focuses of privateers called Oloikhora (Alavakheda). He specifies Ariake Sadinon, which means Aryaka Satakarni, and Baithana as the capital of Siro(e) P(t)olmaios, i.e., Sri Pulimayi, plainly showing his insight into the Satavahana lords. The word Pulimayi implies one with group of Tiger in Kannada, which bears declaration to the conceivable Kannada birthplace of Satavahana kings.

A conceivably more unmistakable allusion to Kannada is established in 'Charition Emulate' credited to the late 4th century BCE to mid second century CE. The joke, composed by an obscure creator, is worried about a Greek woman named Charition who has been abandoned on the shore of a nation lining the Indian Sea. The lingo utilized in papyrus demonstrates that the play is laid down in one of the various little docks on the western bank of India, among Karwar and Kanhangad (as of now in Kerala). The personality of the ruler in this sham alludes to himself 'the Nayaka of Malpe (Malpi-naik)'. Stavros J. Tsitsiridis makes reference to in his examination work that Charition isn't a solely composition or refrain text, however a blended structure. The bad lines show that the content found at Oxyrhynchus (Egypt) has been duplicated, implying that the first was significantly before in date. Wilamowitz (1907) and Andreassi (2001) say that for more exact dating of the first, some spot the piece of the work as ahead of schedule as in the Greek time frame (332–30 BCE), others sometime in the future, up to the mid second century CE.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Kannada less regularly known as Kanarese, is a Dravidian language spoken transcendently by individuals of Karnataka in south western area of India. The lingo is likewise articulated by etymological outvoted people in the territories of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Kerala and Goa; and furthermore by Kannadigas abroad. The language had around 43 million local speakers by 2011. Kannada is additionally articulated as a 2nd and 3rd lingo by approx 12.9 million non-local speakers in Karnataka, which amounts to 56.9 million speakers. It is one of reserved jargons of India and authority and regulatory language of state of Karnataka. Kannada was the court language of the absolute most impressive domains of South and Focal India, for example, the Chalukya line, the Rashtrakuta line, the Vijayanagara Realm and the Hoysala Domain.

The Kannada language is created taking advantage of Kannada matter, which developed from the 5th century Kadamba matter. Kannada is affirmed epigraphically for around one and a half hundreds of years and unique ancient Kannada succeeded in the 6th century Ganga tradition and during the 9th century Rashtrakuta Administration. Kannada has an entire imaginative history of more than 1,000 years. Kannada composing has been given 8 Jnanapith awards, the most for any Dravidian lingo and the second generally raised for any Indian lingo.

OFFICIAL STATUS

The Overseer of the Focal Establishment of Indian Dialects, Udaya Narayana Singh, presented a report in 2006 to the Indian government contending for Kannada to be made an old style language of India. In 2008 the Indian ministry detailed that Kannada was to be relegated as one of the ancient style vernaculars of India.