MALAYALAM LANGUAGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION

The word 'Malayalam' may have been a neighborhood tongue at the outset. The initial segment in the word 'Malayalam', ie, 'Mala' may allude to slope, and the last part 'Alam' to the profundities of the sea ('Alam' throughout the long term changed to Azham' signifying 'profundities'). Thus the term 'Malayalam' may suggest the land coming between the Western Ghats and the Center Eastern Sea. Or on the other hand, 'Alam' might be the 'alam' in words like Kovalam, Pandalam and so forth, signifying 'place'. In the event that that be thus, Malayalam alludes to a sloping area. It goes with words like 'Malanad', 'Malabar' and so on It has different names too like Kerala Bhasha, Malayampazha, Malayalim, Malayanma, Malayazhma, etc. 'Kerala bhasha' discovers notice in the fourteenth century sentence structure text, Leelatilakam (Book of the Holy Imprint). The word, 'Malayalam' shows up as 'Malayalim' in the language structure text 'Malayalim bhasha' composed by Pitt and distributed in 1841. In a portion of the compositions that turned out in 1891, the word 'Malayanma' ('Malayalariti') is utilized. George Mathan's (1819-70) language book was named 'Malayazhmayude Vyakaranam' (1863). In times past, the Malayalam understandings of Sanskrit works were called as 'Tamizh kuthu' (Tamil book). For e.g., the Sanskrit 'Amaraghosham' and its understanding was 'Amaram Tamizh Kuthu'. Among the Niranam writers who lived during the fifteenth century, Rama Panicker guaranteed that he deciphered 'Brahmaandapuranam' in Tamil without blending it in with some other language.

Grammarians, language specialists, and researchers have advanced their own thoughts regarding the starting points of Malayalam. Quite possibly the most moderate thoughts in that Malayalam started from Sanskrit. A few researchers accept that Malayalam created from antiquated Prakrit. There is another way of thinking who says that clans living in the woodlands communicated in a free language blended in with the Dravidian language and got changed throughout the years to become Malayalam. Researchers have additionally communicated shock on how Malayalam and Tamil having closeness on numerous subjects stayed unmistakable.

In any case, researchers acquainted with current language history and near writing built up another view with respect to Malayalam. Presently, everyone is as one on incorporating Malayalam alongside Tamil, Kotha, Todak, Kodak, and Kannada as having a place with the Dakshina Dravidian family. The facts demonstrate that Malayalam has close fondness with Tamil. Malayalam's advancement as an autonomous language is found in the records and declarations of the ninth century. Likely over the span of four or five centuries (ninth century to thirteenth century) Tamil and Malayalam became various dialects. Despite the fact that it was important to reproduce the communicated in language of the time frame, it won't ever appear. Among the four significant Dravidian dialects Malayalam turned out to be the last to create artistic works of its own. Presumably, Tamil has demonstrated its reality of being the most antiquated and having a rich custom. Thus, it is just regular that Keralites also would need to get into the trend of being the most established language.

The impact of Tamil on Malayalam language can be perceived in the absolute first many years of its development. In spite of the fact that Malayalam was the language of the majority, Tamil got the condition of an insightful language in the western pieces of Kerala. Continuously, with the progression of time, Malayalam rose to tipsy statures, discovering place in regal announcements and archives.

Brahmins in South India, and Kerala specifically, had an upperhand in issue of culture, on account of the overall impact and comprehension of Sanskrit. In this way they could impact Kerala life and language. The impact of the Aryan language can be seen in the sounds, types of sentence structure, implications and so on being used in Malayalam. This impact has acted like an impetus.

Language structures and impact of different dialects on Malayalam

Various types of language structures can be found in present day Malayalam. Position, district business, style and incalculable language structures establish Malayalam. Paper, radio, study materials and instruction have helped in cultivating an altruistic language structure. Aside from geology, society and culture, standing and religion have additionally added to Malayalam. The lingo structures utilized by brahmins, harijans, nairs, ezhavas, Christians, and Muslims have been found. While Sanskrit words are normally utilized by brahmins in their language to an enormous degree, it is scantily utilized by the underestimated segments. In the language expressed by the Christians, we can discover English, Syriac, Latin, and Portuguese terms. Muslims utilize Arabic and Urdu terms.

The effect of few various tongues like Prakrit, Pali, Marathi, Hindi, Persian, Dutch and French can be found over the range of its turn of events and change. Thus, it is little miracle that numerous unfamiliar words have become a vital part of Malayalam.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Malayalam is a dialect verbally expressed by local individuals of southwestern India (from Kasaragod to Kanyakumari). As per the Indian statistics of 2011, there were 32,299,239 orators of Malayalam in Kerala, turning up 93.2% of the all out number of Malayalam orators in India, and 96.74% of the absolute populace of the state. There were a further 701,673 (1.14% of the complete number) in Karnataka, 957,705 (2.7%) in Tamil Nadu, and 406,358 (1.2%) in Maharashtra. The quantity of Malayalam speakers in Lakshadweep is 51,100, which is just 0.15% of the all out number, yet is pretty much as much as about 84% of the number of inhabitants in Lakshadweep. Altogether, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the complete Indian populace in 2011. Of the complete 34,713,130 Malayalam orators in India in 2011, 33,015,420 talked the standard tongues, 19,643 talked the Yerava lingo and 31,329 talked non-standard local varieties like Eranadan. according to the 1991 registration information, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India communicated in a subsequent language and 19.64% of the all out knew at least three dialects.

Enormous quantities of Malayalis have gotten comfortable Chennai, Bengaluru, Mangaluru, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Pune, Mysuru and Delhi. Numerous Malayalis have additionally emigrated to the Center East, the US, and Europe. There were 179,860 orators of Malayalam in the US, as indicated by the 2000 evaluation, with the most noteworthy focuses in Bergen Region, New Jersey, and Rockland District, New York. There are 344,000 of Malayalam speakers in Malaysia. There were 11,687 Malayalam orators in Australia in 2016. The 2001 Canadian statistics detailed 7,070 individuals who recorded Malayalam as their native language, fundamentally in Toronto. The 2006 New Zealand enumeration announced 2,139 orators. 134 Malayalam talking families were accounted for in 1956 in Fiji. There is likewise a significant Malayali populace in the Persian Bay districts, particularly in Dubai and Doha. The quicker development of dialects spoken in the southern pieces of India, similar to Malayalam, contrasted with those spoken in the north of the nation, similar to Hindi, shows precisely what districts Indian workers to the US are coming from. Malayalam is eighth in the rundown of top ten quickest developing unfamiliar first dialects spoken in Quite a while in UK, as per a report.

OFFICIAL STATUS

Malayalam has official lingo status in the territory of Kerala and in the association regions of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé) and is expressed by more than 35 million individuals, it is one of the 22 authoritatively perceived dialects of India and positions eighth in its number of speakers. The speakers of Malayalam are called 'Malayalees'. Malayalam is likewise expressed by phonetic minorities in the adjoining states; with critical number of orators in the Nilgiris, Kanyakumari, and Coimbatore, Tenkasi, Theni ranges of Tamil Nadu and Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Because of Malayali exiles in the Persian Inlet, malayalam is additionally broadly expressed in the Bay nations.