UZBEK LANGUAGE

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION

The historical backdrop of the rise and improvement of the Uzbek language is firmly entwined with the historical backdrop of its local speakers. The rise of such a country as the Uzbek public was because of the cycle of the consolidation of various ethnic gatherings, the methods for correspondence of which were Turkic and Iranian dialects. This clarifies an enormous number of lingos in the Uzbek tongue, between which there is an immense distinction.

The historical backdrop of the advancement of the Uzbek language can be isolated into three phases: times of antiquated Turkic, Old Uzbek, and current Uzbek dialects.

Antiquated Turkic language

This stage has a place with the V-XI hundreds of years. The Turks settled along the shores of the Syr Darya, Amu Darya and Zerafshan, step by step pushing the occupants of the Indo-Iranian clans. The methods for correspondence was the old Turkic language, based on which numerous Asian dialects were accordingly shaped. Today, there are just pieces of the antiquated Turkic content, engraved on social landmarks having a place with this period.

Old Uzbek language

The subsequent stage traces all the way back to the XI-XIX hundreds of years. During this time, the Uzbek language created affected by many adjoining dialects. An enormous commitment to the arrangement of the language was made by the artist Alisher Navoi, who made a brought together and created abstract language. It was in this structure that it was utilized until the turn of the nineteenth century without change.

Present day Uzbek language

The 20th century was set apart by the start of the arrangement of the cutting edge Uzbek language. It depended on the Ferghana lingo – generally perceived among all inhabitants of Uzbekistan. A large portion of the populace talked this vernacular, which they knew as the Sartain language, and its speakers were called Sarts. Ethnic sarts didn't have a place with the Uzbek public, however during the 20s of the most recent century "sart" was declined, and the occupants of the nation started to be called Uzbeks. The standards of the artistic language turned out to be more fair, which made it a lot less difficult and more available.

Lingos

Northern Uzbek lingos are typically separated into two gatherings:

the "O" gathering, which incorporates the tongues of Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and the encompassing locales, e.g., odam 'man' the "A" gathering, e.g., adam 'man'.

Standard Uzbek depends on the Tashkent-Fergana vernacular.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Evaluations of the quantity of speakers of Uzbek differ generally, from 25 up to 30 million. Ethnologue gauges put the quantity of local speakers at 27 million across every one of the perceived vernaculars. The Swedish public reference book, Nationalencyklopedin, gauges the quantity of local speakers to be 30 million, and the CIA World Factbook gauges 25 million. Different sources gauge the quantity of speakers of Uzbek to be 21 million in Uzbekistan, 3.4 million in Afghanistan, 900,000 in Tajikistan, 800,000 in Kyrgyzstan, 500,000 in Kazakhstan, 300,000 in Turkmenistan, and 300,000 in Russia.

OFFICIAL STATUS

Northern Uzbek

Northern Uzbek is spoken by 21.3 million individuals in Uzbekistan. It is additionally spoken in other Central Asian nations, notwithstanding little ostracize networks in North America, Australia, and Europe. It is assessed that the complete quantities of speakers of Uzbek overall is around 24 million.In 1989, Northern Uzbek turned into the authority language of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Today it is utilized in the nation's media, instruction, amusement, business, and government. The greater part of the papers in Uzbekistan are distributed in Uzbek. Schooling in Uzbek is accessible from rudimentary to post-auxiliary level.

Southern Uzbek

Southern Uzbek is a connected language spoken by about 2.9 million individuals in Afghanistan. It is a common legal language in a few of the country's northern territories